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Understanding Cognitive Health

When it comes to aging, there’s a plethora of information about what to be aware of—what to look out for, if you will. Unfortunately, it seems there’s a laundry list of issues and ailments: both physical and mental. 

And while it’s true that a slight decline is natural, you don’t have to resign yourself to what society has deemed “normal” in terms of overall brain function and memory loss. 

With that being said, area experts discuss the difference between common symptoms and those that may be associated with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.

“In simple terms, cognitive health is the ability of our brain and body to work together to help us think, learn, recollect information, make sound judgements, comprehend language and more,” Dr. Ellen Wenberg, Family Physician and Geriatrician with ThedaCare, explains.

“(It) encompasses the strength of overall brain function and how effectively a person can complete day-to-day tasks requiring the use of their mental abilities.”

Strong cognitive health promotes quality of life, a notion area nonprofit Fox Valley Memory Project believes in. 

The organization’s mission is “to reduce the fear and isolation often associated with dementia by fostering connections and providing resources to help people live well with dementia.”

“Dementia affects both individuals and their loved ones, but understanding these changes can help everyone navigate the journey more smoothly,” Carrie Esselman, Executive Director of the Fox Valley Memory Project, says. “For the individual, dementia can lead to memory challenges, confusion and changes in mood. However, many people with dementia continue to enjoy meaningful activities and moments of joy. They might find comfort in familiar routines, music, and spending time with loved ones.

“For families, while there are adjustments to be made, there are also opportunities to create new memories and strengthen bonds. Caregiving can bring families closer together, and many find support through community resources and organizations like the Fox Valley Memory Project. These organizations help provide social interaction, cognitive stimulation and emotional support, helping both individuals with dementia and their caregivers maintain a positive outlook. By focusing on the present and making the most of each day, families can find joy and connection even in the face of dementia.”

Likewise, the Memory Care Center within the Neuroscience Group in Appleton includes a physician or advanced practice clinician and a social worker to provide cognitive healthcare.

“Our goals revolve around enhancing patient quality of life, managing symptoms, and improving cognitive function for patients with memory disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, or other neurological conditions,” Brooke Henschel – Nurse Practitioner with Neuroscience Group, says. “We offer the latest treatments and therapies so patients have access to the highest quality healthcare in the region.”

What Is Dementia and Who is at Risk?

A common misconception amongst the masses is that dementia is a disease, a singular affliction. In actuality, Dr. Wenberg explains that “dementia is a general term for loss of memory, language, problem-solving and other thinking abilities that are severe enough to interfere with daily life.”

“The main type of dementia we all think of is Alzheimer’s disease, which accounts for at least 60-70% of cases,” Henschel adds. “Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy Body Dementia (LBD), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), mixed Alzheimer/Vascular Dementia, Parkinson’s Disease Dementia, and some other rarer forms that can be more rapidly progressing.”

Each of the above forms present differently, and include different symptoms.

“Common symptoms associated with dementia include memory loss (especially short-term memory), difficulty with communication and/or language (forgetting words, difficulties finding the correct words, difficulties with holding conversations), disorientation or confusion (not being able to recognize familiar places or people), difficulties with executive functioning (planning, problem solving, completing tasks), mood and behavioral changes (anxiety, depression, irritability, more withdrawn), and impaired judgement.”

Alzheimer’s disease predominantly affects memory and cognitive function, while vascular dementia can cause sudden changes due to strokes. Lewy Body Dementia is seen with hallucinations and motor symptoms. Frontotemporal dementia is often seen with fairly dramatic personality changes with little impairment in memory in early stages.

How to Strengthen Your Cognitive Health

While our experts say there’s no “guaranteed” way to prevent dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, lifestyle plays a large role in reducing the risk of such conditions. Dr. Wenberg suggests the following as markers for strong cognitive health:

Lifestyle: A healthy lifestyle is key. Eat well, exercise and avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
Physical activity: Regular physical activity offers many benefits for brain health, for example, it promotes blood flow to the brain which helps reduce the risk of disease. Try for at least 150 minutes of exercise each week.
Mindful eating: Adopt a diet rich in foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains that promote heart health. The Mediterranean diet is an excellent choice.
Cognitive stimulation: Read, assemble puzzles, or learn new skills to help keep the brain healthy.
Social engagement: Stay socially active, connect with family and friends, and prioritize a strong support network.
Adequate sleep: Good sleep includes ensuring a comfortable sleep environment, establishing a regular sleep schedule, and addressing any prevalent sleep disorders.
Regular checkups: Regular medical checkups help monitor and manage cardiovascular risk factors like high blood pressure and diabetes. Early detection and management can help reduce Alzheimer’s risk. Treat vision and hearing loss: Untreated sensory loss can further usher in cognitive decline and reduce quality of life for people with dementia.

“The Fox Valley Memory Project offers a variety of programs and activities designed to support brain and memory health while fostering connection and engagement,” Esselman says. “Our Memory Cafés provide a welcoming space for social interaction through conversation, music, and interactive activities. We also offer brain-healthy exercises, including puzzles, art, and movement-based activities, to help stimulate cognitive function.
“Additionally, our educational workshops provide expert insights on brain health, lifestyle habits, and memory care strategies. Staying socially and physically active not only helps maintain mental clarity but also enhances quality of life, even after a dementia diagnosis. Since isolation can be a significant factor in health decline, our programs follow a social model of care, creating opportunities for meaningful connections and reducing loneliness among older adults.”

“A person can maintain cognitive strength in much the same way as they would work to prevent cognitive decline: Regular exercise, staying mentally active, getting plenty of sleep, eating a Mediterranean diet, remaining socially involved and keeping blood vessels healthy,” Dr. Wenberg adds. “Crossword puzzles, Sudoku, reading, playing cards or assembling a jigsaw puzzle can help with cognitive strength. That’s because the brain is like a muscle—use it or risk losing it. And minimize the TV watching. It’s a passive activity that hardly stimulates the brain.”

Memory Loss Support

In any health crisis, support is vital for those experiencing symptoms and also those helping patients navigate their diagnosis. When it comes to memory loss, education and access to resources is vital.

Maintaining patients’ dignity, quality of life and independence for as long as possible is at the top of the list when it comes to the need, and significance, of support.

“Support for families navigating dementia is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it helps alleviate the emotional and physical stress that caregivers often experience. Caring for a loved one with dementia can be demanding and overwhelming, leading to burnout if adequate support isn’t available. Emotional support from friends, family, and support groups can provide much-needed relief and a sense of community,” Esselman says.

“Secondly, having access to resources and education about dementia can empower families to provide better care. Understanding the disease, its progression, and effective caregiving strategies can improve the quality of life for both the individual with dementia and their caregivers. This knowledge helps families manage symptoms more effectively and make informed decisions about care.”
The Fox Valley Memory Project and the Memory Care Center within Neuroscience Group both provide resources for supporting a loved one dealing with a cognitive disorder, as well as programming for caregivers. 

Memory Myths Debunked!
Much like old wives’ tales, the following myths have found a stake in society. But our experts say they’re not true. Education and support are key to breaking these myths and ensuring compassionate, informed care:

Myth: Memory loss is a normal part of aging.
While there is some truth to this statement (such as mild forgetfulness being considered normal for aging), memory loss, confusion, or difficulties with daily activities are not a normal part of aging. They may be a sign of an underlying memory condition such as Alzheimer’s disease.

Myth: Dementia is a normal part of aging.
In reality, it is caused by diseases such as Alzheimer’s and is not an inevitable part of growing older. Forgetfulness can be a normal part of aging, but memory loss is not.

Myth: Nothing can be done after a dementia diagnosis.
While there is no cure, many therapies, lifestyle changes, and support systems can help improve quality of life.

Myth: People with dementia cannot communicate or understand.
Even as verbal skills decline, emotions, expressions, and nonverbal cues remain powerful ways to connect.

Myth: Dementia only affects memory.
In fact, it can impact problem-solving, mood and daily functioning. 

Myth: There is no hope or treatment for dementia.
Yes, currently there is no cure for dementia, however there are treatments, therapies, and interventions that can slow the progression of symptoms and improve quality of life.

Myth: Flu shots and other vaccines increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
As of today, there have been no peer-reviewed and published studies linking vaccines such as those for influenza and shingles to the risk of dementia.